Coronal sections of the cerebral hemispheres. One is through the head of caudate nuclei and tips of the temporal lobes. The second one is through the optic chiasm and the anterior portion of the third ventricle. The lower panel shows sections of the brainstem and mid-cerebellar peduncles and the medulla. The coronal sections show an irregular gyral pattern (white arrows) and the contrast with the normal cerebral cortex. On the side of the thickened gyri, the cortex and the white matter are not very well differentiated. The left lateral ventricle shows a nodule protuding from the head of the caudate nucleus (yellow arrow head). The section through the optic chiasm shows a thickened gyrus representing a tuber. Also, both lateral ventricles show nodules that are attached to the caudate nucleus and thalamus and protruding into the lateral ventricles. Section of the cerebellum shows cerebellar folial atrophy. Diagnosis: Tuberous sclerosis with, #1 Cortical tubers (white arrows), #2Periventricular candle gutterings (yellow arrow head) and #3 cerebellar atrophy (Blue arrow).