S8C22P9- Lymphocytic Angiitides

S8C22P9-1: For review, the basic patterns of a leukocytoclastic angiitis are represented. The epidermis is relatively uninvolved. The papillary dermis and the upper portion of the reticular dermis are edematous. Lymphatic vessels are ectatic. There are perivenular infiltrates of inflammatory cells (preponderantly neutrophils); the infiltrates extend into the interstitium of the reticular dermis among the vessels.

S8C22P9-2: At a higher magnification, some of the vessels show areas of fibrinoid necrosis; there are fragments of nuclear debris in the same areas. The infiltrating cells are neutrophils and eosinophils ( leukocytoclastic angiitis).

S8C22P9-3: The pattern is that of a lymphocytic vasculitis with extravasation of red blood cells. The epidermis shows hyperplasia of the superficial unit and compact hyperkeratosis.

S8C22P9-4: The epidermal patterns contribute a “lichen planus-like” quality. The rete ridges are shortened and thin; they have pointed extremities. There are perivascular infiltrates in the upper portion of the reticular dermis. Focally, the infiltrates extend into the neighboring interstitium to produce band-like patterns; the infiltrates do not hug the epidermis. The papillary dermis is edematous. There are collections of extravasated red blood cells to the right of the two follicles. The pattern qualifies as a lichenoid lymphocytic vasculitis. A lesion in the category of the pigmented purpuras should be considered in the differential diagnosis.

S8C22P9-5: In this lesion, the pattern of a lymphocytic vasculitis with papillary dermal edema is represented. The papillary dermal edema is marked; the changes are sufficient to qualify as impending sub-epidermal vesiculation. The epidermis shows hyperplasia of the superficial unit and intra-cellular edema (peri-nuclear vacuoles). The keratin layer is not significantly altered. Somewhat similar patterns may be seen in the setting of the dermal variant of erythema multiforme. Drug eruption should be considered in the differential diagnosis; eosinophils are present in the inflammatory infiltrates.

S8C22P9-6: The pattern is that of a classic lymphocytic infiltrate of the dermis. To the right, the papillary dermis and the upper portion of the reticular dermis are edematous; there are mild vacuolar changes at the dermal-epidermal interface. The perivenular infiltrates of the reticular dermis form prominent “cuffs” about the vessels; they extend to the lower 1/3 of the dermis. The dermis shows solar elastosis. The changes are compatible with polymorphic light eruption (in agreement with the clinical impression). The keratin layer, for the most part, is loosely laminated. The patterns have a “vasculitic” quality. In the areas of dermal edema, there are loose infiltrates of lymphoid cells among delicate, widely spaced collagen bundles.

S8C22P9-7: The epidermal changes do not suggest a diagnosis of lupus erythematosus. From my interpretation of reports in the literature, papillary dermal edema seems to be more common in lesions of polymorphic light eruption in the Northeastern portion of the USA than in the South. There are loose infiltrates of lymphoid cells and histiocytes in the interstitial spaces of the reticular dermis (see also S8C22aP9a-1).

 

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